“They may be small in size, but these dog breeds have big personalities and stand tall with confidence.”
There’s something undeniably charming about our furry friends—especially when it comes to those irresistibly short legs. This unique feature is common among many small and medium-sized dog breeds and adds to their overall cuteness and character.
To learn more about short-legged dog breeds, we spoke with two expert veterinarians. They shared insights into why some dogs have short legs, how to properly care for them, and the health concerns pet parents should keep in mind.
What Causes Short Legs in Dogs?
Short legs in dogs can often be traced back to genetics. According to Dr. Sabrina Kong, DVM and veterinary writer for We Love Doodles, many short-legged dog breeds have a condition called chondrodysplasia, or canine dwarfism. This genetic trait leads to abnormal cartilage development, which results in shorter—sometimes slightly bowed—legs.
However, genetics isn’t the only reason. Some breeds were purposefully developed over generations to have shorter legs for practical reasons, like hunting or burrowing. These functional traits made them more effective at navigating tight spaces and chasing prey close to the ground.
“Chondrodysplasia is the most common genetic cause of short legs in dogs,” Dr. Kong explains, “but not the only one.”
Are Short-Legged Dogs Healthy?
Yes—short-legged dogs can live full, active lives, but they may be more prone to certain health conditions, says Dr. Stacie Atria, DVM and founder of Lotus Veterinary Alternatives. Common issues these dogs might face include:
- Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
- Joint problems, such as arthritis
- Limb deformities
Preventative care is key. “Managing the health of dogs with short legs involves proactive care and regular vet visits,” says Dr. Kong. To support their well-being, make sure your dog maintains a healthy weight and gets daily low-impact exercise.
Tips for Caring for Short-Legged Dog Breeds
- Use ramps instead of stairs to reduce joint stress
- Avoid activities that involve jumping or rough play
- Keep your dog at a healthy weight to reduce pressure on their spine and joints
- Provide low-impact exercise like leash walks or indoor play
- Watch for signs of pain or stiffness, and consult your vet if anything changes
Dachshund
Whether you call them a wiener dog, Doxie, or sausage dog, the dachshund is instantly recognizable—and completely lovable—thanks to their long body, short legs, and bold personality. Available in both standard and miniature sizes, these low-riding hounds are as charming as they are distinctive.
Originally bred in 17th-century Germany to hunt badgers, the dachshund’s name literally means “badger dog.” Their powerful little bodies and fearless attitude made them ideal for digging into dens and flushing out prey. Today, while they may not be chasing badgers anymore, dachshunds are cherished family pets known for their playfulness, loyalty, and protective nature.
Because of their hunting heritage, dachshunds often have a strong prey drive. This means they may not be the best fit for homes with small pets like hamsters or guinea pigs.
Their unique body shape also makes them prone to weight gain and spinal issues, such as intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). To keep your Doxie happy and healthy, stick to a well-portioned diet and ensure they get daily low-impact exercise—think short walks or gentle play sessions. Avoid activities that involve jumping or climbing stairs, which can stress their long backs.
Breed Profile
- Group: Hound
- Height: 8–9 inches (standard); 5–6 inches (miniature)
- Weight: 16–32 pounds (standard); up to 11 pounds (miniature)
- Temperament: Playful, devoted, clever, courageous, a little stubborn
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Types: Smooth, longhaired, or wire-haired
- Colors: Black, tan, red, chocolate, fawn, blue, and beige—often with unique markings
- Life Expectancy: 12–16 years
Basset Hound
With their unmistakably long, floppy ears and stubby little legs, the Basset Hound is a breed full of charm and personality. Originally developed in France as a low-to-the-ground scent hound, the Basset Hound was bred to track game across rugged terrain—using their incredible nose and slow, steady pace.
Despite their short stature, Basset Hounds are medium-sized dogs with big hearts. They’re incredibly affectionate, friendly, and gentle, making them wonderful companions for families, singles, and seniors alike. Their calm nature means they’re just as happy lounging on the couch as they are sniffing around the yard.
Don’t let their short legs fool you, though—Basset Hounds need regular exercise to stay physically and mentally healthy. Daily walks or backyard play sessions are a must to prevent weight gain and keep them engaged. Just expect them to follow their nose wherever it leads—they’re true scent hounds at heart!
Breed Profile
- Group: Hound
- Height: Up to 15 inches
- Weight: 40–65 pounds
- Temperament: Sweet, affectionate, playful, stubborn, friendly
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Short and smooth
- Colors: Combinations of black, white, tan, lemon, red, mahogany, and brown
- Life Expectancy: 10–12 years
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is a charming, medium-sized herding breed from Wales, best recognized by their short legs, large pointed ears, and ever-cheerful expressions. These sturdy little dogs were purposefully bred with shortened legs to help them avoid being kicked while herding cattle—an important job they performed with surprising agility and courage.
More than just farmhands, Cardigans are loyal, affectionate family companions with a strong protective streak. They’re also highly intelligent, making them quick learners—but also a little stubborn at times. With their energetic and playful nature, they thrive in active households and love being part of the action.
Because of their herding background, Cardigans need daily exercise to stay happy and healthy. Whether it’s a leashed walk, fetch in a fenced yard, or agility games, keeping them active will help prevent boredom (and mischief!). And since they have a long back and short legs, it’s wise to use pet ramps to minimize the stress on their spine and prevent injuries from jumping.
Breed Profile
- Group: Herding
- Height: 10–13 inches
- Weight: 25–38 pounds
- Temperament: Energetic, affectionate, smart, protective, playful
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Medium-length double coat
- Colors: Red, sable, brindle, black, or blue merle—usually with white markings
- Life Expectancy: 12–15 years
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a beloved herding breed from Wales, instantly recognized for their short legs, fox-like face, and upbeat personality. As a true dwarf breed, the Pembroke is the shortest member of the herding group, but don’t let their stature fool you—these dogs are full of energy, brains, and heart.
Originally bred for herding cattle, guarding the farm, and providing loyal companionship, Pembrokes are as versatile as they are charming. Known for their playful, outgoing nature, these dogs are quick learners and eager to please, making them excellent companions for active families or individuals.
While Pembrokes are adaptable and good-natured, they do need at least an hour of daily activity to stay mentally and physically satisfied. Think walks, puzzle toys, obedience training, or backyard games—they’re happiest when they have a job to do.
Because of their short legs and long spine, it’s important to limit jumping and provide pet-friendly ramps or stairs around the home to prevent back strain or injury.
Breed Profile
- Group: Herding
- Height: 10–12 inches
- Weight: 24–30 pounds
- Temperament: Outgoing, playful, loyal, protective
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Medium-length double coat
- Colors: Black and tan, red, sable, or fawn
- Life Expectancy: 12–13 years
English Bulldog
The Bulldog is one of the most beloved dog breeds—and it’s easy to see why. With their squishy faces, stubby legs, and goofy grins, Bulldogs bring a whole lot of charm wrapped up in a stout, medium-sized frame. These dogs are famously loyal, gentle, and often downright silly, making them wonderful companions for families, couples, and city dwellers alike.
Though their face may look a little grumpy, Bulldogs are total softies at heart. They love being close to their people, lounging on the couch, and, yes—snacking and napping. But their flat-faced (brachycephalic) anatomy means they can overheat easily, so it’s important to avoid hot weather and stick to low-impact activities like leisurely walks or indoor play.
Bulldogs are also prone to weight gain, which can strain their short legs and joints, so feeding them a balanced diet with controlled portions is key to keeping them healthy and mobile. And yes, their snoring and slobbery kisses just come with the territory!
Breed Profile
- Group: Non-Sporting
- Height: 14–15 inches
- Weight: 40–50 pounds
- Temperament: Calm, friendly, social, a bit stubborn
- Energy Level: Low
- Coat Type: Short and smooth
- Colors: Red, white, fawn, fallow, or color combinations
- Life Expectancy: 8–10 years
French Bulldog
Known affectionately as Frenchies, the French Bulldog is a compact, flat-faced breed famous for their bat-like ears, short legs, and irresistibly sweet expressions. These playful little clowns adore their families—both people and other pets—and are beloved for their friendly, loyal, and affectionate nature.
French Bulldogs are among the most popular dog breeds in the United States, and it’s easy to see why. They thrive as lapdogs and enjoy short walks and gentle playtime, making them perfect companions for apartment living and city dwellers.
Because they’re a brachycephalic (flat-faced) breed, Frenchies are sensitive to extreme temperatures and should avoid overheating or heavy exercise. They’re also prone to certain health issues related to their size and body structure, including intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), patellar luxation, and hip dysplasia, so regular vet check-ups and careful monitoring are essential.
Breed Profile
- Group: Non-Sporting
- Height: 11–13 inches
- Weight: 19–28 pounds
- Temperament: Loyal, friendly, affectionate, sociable, playful
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Short and smooth
- Colors: Brindle, fawn, white, or brindle and white/fawn and white combinations
- Life Expectancy: 10–12 years
Cairn Terrier
The Cairn Terrier is a small, sturdy breed from Scotland, instantly recognizable by their coarse, wiry coat, pointed ears, and short legs. As the oldest member of the terrier family—developed in the 19th century—these little dogs have a rich history rooted in hunting and working hard in rugged terrain.
Though lapdog-sized, Cairn Terriers are anything but couch potatoes. They thrive when their minds and bodies stay busy, making regular exercise and training essential for their happiness. Loyal and playful, they bond deeply with their families and love being part of the action—whether that’s chasing balls, digging in the yard, or exploring outdoors.
Known for their brave, friendly, and intelligent nature, Cairn Terriers make wonderful companions for active families who want a small dog with plenty of personality.
Breed Profile
- Group: Terrier
- Height: 9–13 inches
- Weight: 13–18 pounds
- Temperament: Active, courageous, friendly, intelligent, playful
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Wiry double coat
- Colors: Black, brindle, cream, gray, red, silver, wheaten, or brindle mixes
- Life Expectancy: 13–15 years
Pekingese
The Pekingese, often called Pekes, is an ancient breed that originated in China and was specially bred to be a royal companion. With their distinct lion’s mane-like coat, large expressive eyes, and signature V-shaped facial wrinkles, these little dogs are truly one of a kind.
Despite their small stature and low-slung bodies, Pekes have big personalities. Known for being social, affectionate, and protective, they thrive when surrounded by their favorite people—and other Pekes, if possible! Early socialization helps them get along well with other pets, making them a great fit for multi-pet households.
Their compact size makes them ideal for apartment living, but their flat faces mean they’re prone to overheating. It’s important to keep their exercise low-impact and limit outdoor time to cooler temperatures to keep them comfortable and safe.
Breed Profile
- Group: Toy
- Height: 6–9 inches
- Weight: Up to 14 pounds
- Temperament: Affectionate, intelligent, good-natured, a bit willful
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Long, thick double coat
- Colors: Gold, red, sable, black and tan, white, cream, gray, and more
- Life Expectancy: 12–14 years
Dandie Dinmont Terrier
The Dandie Dinmont Terrier is a charming small breed with a distinctive look—short legs, a long body, and silky, soft hair. Developed in England and Scotland, this terrier stands out with its unique pepper or mustard-colored coat and calm demeanor.
Known for being independent yet affectionate, Dandies are easy to care for and adapt well to a variety of living situations. They’re perfectly happy to stay home alone during the day, making them great pets for busy owners. With their calm and adaptable nature, they tend to get along well with other dogs and cats, especially when raised together from a young age. However, their natural terrier instincts mean they aren’t the best fit for homes with small pets like hamsters or mice.
If you’re looking for a playful but laid-back companion who’s low-maintenance and loyal, the Dandie Dinmont Terrier is a wonderful choice.
Breed Profile
- Group: Terrier
- Height: 8–11 inches
- Weight: 18–24 pounds
- Temperament: Affectionate, companionable, playful, independent, calm
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Double coat
- Colors: Pepper (blue-black to silver) or mustard (red-brown to light fawn), with darker legs and feet
- Life Expectancy: 12–15 years
Miniature Schnauzer
The Miniature Schnauzer is a spirited small breed that originated in Germany, where they worked tirelessly on farms and hunted vermin. Known for their distinctive wiry double coat—which is considered hypoallergenic—they’re an excellent choice for allergy sufferers and apartment dwellers alike.
This lively terrier is not only alert and protective, making a great watchdog, but also playful and intelligent. Miniature Schnauzers thrive when they have puzzles to solve and training games to keep their sharp minds engaged. Because they have a natural instinct to chase small animals, it’s important to keep them on a leash or within a secure fenced area when outdoors.
Grooming is an essential part of Miniature Schnauzer care. Their wiry coat, including their famous beards, requires daily brushing to stay neat and healthy.
Breed Profile
- Group: Terrier
- Height: 12–14 inches
- Weight: 11–20 pounds
- Temperament: Lively, alert, friendly
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Medium-length wiry double coat
- Colors: Black, black and silver, salt and pepper
- Life Expectancy: 12–15 years
Beagle
The Beagle is a classic English medium-sized scent hound known for its floppy ears, distinctive tricolored coat, and cheerful, upright tail. These dogs are bursting with energy and thrive when they get plenty of daily exercise—especially activities that let them put their incredible noses to work.
Beagles are true pack dogs who love companionship, making them wonderful family members. They get along well with both people and other pets, forming strong bonds with their entire “pack.” However, their social nature means they do best with pet parents who spend a lot of time at home.
If you’re looking for an active, attentive, and fearless canine companion who’s always ready for adventure, the Beagle is a fantastic choice.
Breed Profile
- Group: Hound
- Height: Up to 15 inches
- Weight: 20–25 pounds
- Temperament: Active, attentive, companionable, fearless, keen
- Energy Level: High
- Coat Type: Short
- Colors: Tricolor combinations of tan, black, white, reddish brown, and pale lemon
- Life Expectancy: 10–15 years
West Highland White Terrier
Originating from Scotland, the West Highland White Terrier, affectionately known as the Westie, is a small but sturdy terrier breed. Famous for their all-white coat, muscular build, friendly eyes, and distinctive triangular ears, Westies bring both charm and energy to any household.
Originally bred as farm and hunting dogs, Westies are happiest when they have plenty of exercise, training, and mental stimulation to keep them busy. They’re playful and affectionate family dogs who love interactive playtime as much as their work.
Like many terriers, Westies have a strong prey drive, so it’s important to keep them on leash or in a secure, fenced area to keep them safe during outdoor adventures.
Breed Profile
- Group: Terrier
- Height: 10–11 inches
- Weight: 15–20 pounds
- Temperament: Friendly, playful, affectionate
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Medium-length double coat
- Color: White
- Life Expectancy: 13–15 years
Lancashire Heeler
The Lancashire Heeler is a rare and charming herding breed from England, instantly recognizable by their short legs and that unmistakable heeler smile. Known as the smallest heelers in the world, these dogs pack a lot of personality into their compact frames.
Hardworking and devoted, Lancashire Heelers thrive when they have a job to do. Their energetic nature means they love to stay busy, whether herding livestock or learning new tricks. But after a day filled with activity, they’re just as happy to curl up on the couch and relax with their favorite humans.
If you’re looking for a loyal, intelligent, and playful companion who’s as versatile as they are lovable, the Lancashire Heeler is a fantastic choice.
Breed Profile
- Group: Herding
- Height: 10–12 inches
- Weight: 9–17 pounds
- Temperament: Affectionate, loyal, intelligent, playful
- Energy Level: High
- Coat Type: Short double coat
- Colors: Black and tan or liver and tan
- Life Expectancy: 12–15 years
Pomeranian
Known as the smallest spitz dog, the Pomeranian is a charming toy breed famous for its luxurious long double coat, fluffy tail, and lively personality. Originating from Iceland and Finland, these little dogs were bred primarily as companion pets and have become beloved lapdogs worldwide.
Pomeranians are loyal, bold, and alert, always ready to protect their family with a friendly bark. Their thick double coat requires regular grooming—at least once a week brushing—to keep it looking its best and to help prevent overheating in warmer weather.
Due to their tiny size and delicate legs, it’s a good idea to train Pomeranians to use ramps or stairs instead of jumping on and off furniture, keeping them safe and comfortable.
Breed Profile
- Group: Toy
- Height: 6–7 inches
- Weight: 3–7 pounds
- Temperament: Lively, affectionate, bold, alert
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Long double coat
- Colors: Red, orange, cream, black, brown, sable, blue, and various combinations
- Life Expectancy: 12–16 years
Miniature Bull Terrier
The Miniature Bull Terrier (MBT) is an unmistakable English breed known for its distinctive egg-shaped head, sharp triangular eyes, and compact muscular body complete with adorably short legs. These lively and goofy dogs are full of energy and thrive when they have plenty of exercise and mental stimulation.
MBTs are fiercely loyal and affectionate with their families but are also known for their independent and willful nature. Because they can get bored quickly, consistent training and interactive play are essential to keep them happy and well-behaved. This breed is best suited for experienced dog owners or those ready to dedicate time to their MBT’s active lifestyle.
Breed Profile
- Group: Terrier
- Height: 10–14 inches
- Weight: 25–35 pounds
- Temperament: Athletic, independent, loyal, playful, affectionate, willful
- Energy Level: High
- Coat Type: Short, coarse coat
- Colors: White, black, red, fawn, brindle
- Life Expectancy: 10–13 years
Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu is a charming toy breed originally bred in China to be a noble and loving companion. Known for their long, luxurious coats, soulful eyes, and adorable little legs, these petite pups love nothing more than curling up in your lap and soaking up all the affection they can get.
Shih Tzus are friendly and playful, with a lively spirit and sharp intelligence that makes them great family pets. They typically get along well with other dogs and cats, especially if raised together from an early age.
Because the Shih Tzu is a brachycephalic (flat-faced) breed, it’s important to avoid strenuous exercise and hot weather to keep them safe and comfortable, as they’re prone to overheating.
Breed Profile
- Group: Toy
- Height: 8–11 inches
- Weight: 9–16 pounds
- Temperament: Loyal, intelligent, playful, alert, lively, friendly
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Long double coat
- Colors: Black, blue, gold, liver, white, and various combinations
- Life Expectancy: 10–16 years
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen, or PBGV, is a small, spirited scent hound originating from France. Easily recognizable by their shaggy coats, short legs, long ears, and charming mustaches, these dogs are often called “the happy breed” for their cheerful, outgoing personalities.
Bred for hunting, the PBGV is an energetic and intelligent companion that thrives on plenty of exercise, mental stimulation, and attention. Whether they’re tracking scents on a leash or exploring safely in a fenced yard, these dogs love to put their remarkable noses and instincts to work.
If you’re looking for a lively, bold, and affectionate dog with a zest for life, the PBGV could be the perfect fit for your family.
Breed Profile
- Group: Hound
- Height: 13–15 inches
- Weight: 25–40 pounds
- Temperament: Bold, companionable, active, independent, lively
- Energy Level: High
- Coat Type: Rough, medium-length double coat
- Colors: White with lemon, orange, black, tri-color, or grizzle markings
- Life Expectancy: 14–16 years
Tibetan Spaniel
The Tibetan Spaniel is an ancient breed from the mountains of Tibet, often considered the small but mighty cousin of the Tibetan Mastiff. With their silky coats, soulful eyes, fluffy tails, and compact builds, these pint-sized pups were bred to be both loving companions and alert watchdogs.
Tibetan Spaniels are affectionate, devoted, and playful—they love nothing more than being close to their family. While they’re small, they have a bright and curious personality that benefits from early training and about an hour of exercise a day. Their medium-length double coat needs regular grooming to stay clean and tangle-free.
If you’re looking for a faithful and friendly lap dog with a noble heritage and just the right amount of sass, the Tibetan Spaniel might be the perfect match.
Breed Profile
- Group: Non-sporting
- Height: Around 10 inches
- Weight: 9–15 pounds
- Temperament: Affectionate, playful, friendly
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Medium-length double coat
- Colors: Black, black and tan, cream, gold, red, sable, white, or silver sable
- Life Expectancy: 12–15 years
Scottish Terrier
The Scottish Terrier, affectionately called the Scottie, is a small yet fearless terrier breed hailing from Scotland. Known for their distinctive beard, short legs, and wiry double coat, Scotties are compact dogs with strong personalities and a proud, dignified presence.
Confident and alert, Scottish Terriers are loyal companions who enjoy moderate exercise and love staying mentally active. Activities like chase games, puzzle toys, and structured playtime help keep their sharp minds and strong instincts satisfied. But despite their toughness, Scotties are not natural swimmers—their short legs make it difficult for them to stay afloat, so water play should be avoided.
Because they were originally bred as hunters and farm dogs, Scotties should always be kept on a leash or in a secure, fenced area when outdoors.
Breed Profile
- Group: Terrier
- Height: Around 10 inches
- Weight: 18–22 pounds
- Temperament: Affectionate, fearless, alert
- Energy Level: Medium
- Coat Type: Medium-length, wiry double coat
- Colors: Black, brindle, red brindle, wheaten, black brindle, silver brindle
- Life Expectancy: 12–14 years